Must-See Churches in Europe That Will Leave You in Awe

6. Hagia Sophia: From Basilica to Mosque to Museum

Hagia Sophia, located in Istanbul, is a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture and a symbol of the city’s complex history. Originally built as a Christian basilica in the 6th century, it was converted into a mosque following the Ottoman conquest and later became a museum. Its massive dome, supported by an innovative system of pendentives, was a marvel of engineering at the time of its construction and remains an awe-inspiring sight today. The interior is a blend of Christian and Islamic art, with stunning mosaics depicting Christ and the Virgin Mary alongside intricate Arabic calligraphy. Hagia Sophia’s transformation over the centuries reflects the cultural and religious shifts that have shaped Istanbul, making it a powerful symbol of coexistence and change.