34 Forgotten Ancient Ruins That Deserve More Attention

19. Sigiriya, Sri Lanka: The Lion Rock Fortress

Rising abruptly from Sri Lanka’s central plains, Sigiriya is a jaw-dropping fusion of geology and human ambition. Also known as Lion Rock, this UNESCO World Heritage Site was transformed in the 5th century CE into a royal citadel by King Kashyapa. Atop its 660-foot rock summit, he built a palace complete with royal chambers, reflective pools, and panoramic views of the lush forests below. The journey to the top is an adventure in itself, involving winding staircases, narrow ledges, and ancient frescoes of celestial maidens known as the “Sigiriya Damsels.” Midway up, visitors pass through the iconic Lion Gate—two massive stone paws that once formed part of a sculpted lion’s body. At the base of the rock lies a symmetrical garden complex, considered one of the oldest landscaped gardens in the world, with hydraulic systems still functional today. Sigiriya is more than an archaeological site—it’s a testament to royal audacity, artistic vision, and engineering brilliance etched into the sky.