32 Ancient Cities That Are Older Than the Pyramids

3. Byblos: The Birthplace of the Alphabet

Byblos, situated on the coast of modern-day Lebanon, is a city steeped in history and legend. Founded around 5000 BCE, it played a pivotal role in the development of written language, particularly the Phoenician alphabet, which laid the groundwork for modern alphabets. Byblos was a thriving port city, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean world. Its prosperity is reflected in the grandeur of its ancient temples, palaces, and fortifications. The city's rich archaeological record reveals a tapestry of influences, from Egyptian hieroglyphs to Greek and Roman architecture. Byblos's contribution to the evolution of writing underscores the interconnectedness of ancient civilizations and their shared legacy in shaping human communication.