32 Ancient Cities That Are Older Than the Pyramids

22. Taosi: China’s Ancient Astronomical City

Predating the Shang dynasty, Taosi (circa 2300–1900 BCE) in Shanxi province reveals early Chinese urban sophistication. Its vast walled enclosures, elite tombs, and possible observatory suggest a society with advanced knowledge of astronomy, politics, and ceremonial rites. Taosi is often linked with the semi-legendary Emperor Yao, adding a mythological dimension to its ruins. Recent excavations of what may be one of the world’s earliest astronomical observatories—a circular platform aligned with the solstice—highlight the city's scientific and spiritual depth. It challenges assumptions that complex civilization in China began only with later dynasties.